History Origins of Chess game.

Chess history to reach approximately 1500 years. Chess game is actually out of India, before the 6th century AD. From India, the game spread to Persia. When the Arabs conquer Persia, chess has been taken by the Islamic world and later spread to South Europe. In Europe, chess change shape during the 15th century. In the second half of the 19th century, modern chess championship game began, and the first World Chess Championship was held in 1886. In the 20th century, the theory of chess is getting acclaim and experienced development and embodiment of the World Chess Federation (FIDE). Development in the 21st century including the use of computers for analysis, which originated in the 1970s with the game of chess 1 program on the market. In online games emerged in the mid-1990s.

The word "chess" itself is derived from the word "Chaturanga" from Sanskrit which intends Four Courant Army.
Chess and then spread throughout the world with various kinds of regular game until well until we know today.

The game is spread out so to the Far East and India, and became one of the lessons in Persian. brought together traders using the Silk Road. Chaturanga entered Europe via the Byzantine Empire of Persia, and spread to Arabia. Then, Islam also bringing chess to North Africa, Sicily, and Spain in the 10th century.

This game became popular in Europe. At the end of the 15th century, the game was banned by the church. In the present generation, there are many reference books on game strategy, how to use chess clock.

India

The origins of chess initially identified by the name "Charuranga", which flourished in India in the 6th century. Since the beginning again, this game requires 2 players. Having a movement that differed for each game of chess pieces, victory depends on the King, using what sake only strategy to defend the King. In ancient chess, chessboard has 100 boxes or even more.

In the early 19th century, an opinion delivered by Captain Hiram Cox and Duncan Forbes stated THAT, chess is played 4 people at once, including four players in Chaturanga.

In Sanskrit terminology, "Chaturanga" intends "has four Courant" heroic legends and poetry means "soldier" The name itself comes from the Mahabharata battle formation in the famous legend in India. Chaturanga is a strategy war game for the Indian army at the time.

Ashtāpada, 8x8 box on a board is a place to play Chaturanga. Another famous board in India is Dasapada Saturankam 10x10 and 9x9.

Arab scientist Abu al-Hasan 'Ali Al-Masudi give an explanation of the use of chess as a tool ketenteraan strategy, mathematics, gambling and relationship with predictions fate in India.

Mas'udi noted that the ivory in India mainly used for chess and backgammon pieces expenditures. He asserted THAT game was introduced to Persia from India, along with books Kelileh va Demneh, during the reign of emperor Nushirwan.

Then there was the evolution of the game Chaturanga identified by name Shatranj (Chatrang), which is a game with two players who caused the defeat checkmate or stalemate and victory is determined by consuming any chess pieces (except King) or through conquest against opponents king.

Some Indian chess pieces such as Rook, Knight, Bishop has been called previously with other words such as Boat, Horse, Elephant or Elephant Horse and Camel. But the movement is still the same.

Middle East.

Ardeshir Karnamak-i-i run into, a treatise about the legend Pahlavi Persian Sassanid Empire founder introduce Chatrang game as a way for the people to remember him as a hero of legend. The oldest records of this game was made in the 10th century were played between Baghdad and his historian.

In the 11th century, Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and comes at an Indian king to redefine war on chess board. This story was translated into English language based on the manuscripts of the British museum.

"One day an ambassador of Hindu king came to trial in the Persian Chosroes, and after a social time, the ambassador presented chessboard made of ebony and ivory.
Then throw opposition: "Oh great king, discover the smartest and wisest to solve the mystery of this game. If they prevail, we will give the mat a Hindu king. But if he fails to prove that skill level is lower Persian population and we would ask for directions from Iran. "
The messenger then shows chess board he was carrying. A day later, after thinking hard, Bozorgmehr, managed to solve the mystery and then gets the title as promised. "

Europe

Charunga entered Europe through Persia, as the spread of the influence of the Byzantine Empire and the Arab expansion. Chess has also entered the South Europe since the first millennium.

Parties will introduce chess army if victorious conquer each area colonies like Norman Conquest of England's conquest and make chess more popular than Northern Europe.

The social value of the strengths of this game. In olden times, the game is associated with honor and high culture that some chess boards were made of special materials and expensive. Growing popularity of chess in the West between 12 to 15 century AD At that time chess books are usually written in Latin.

During the development of chess in Europe, the game is associated with lifestyle knight. Peter Alfonsi in his disciplina Clericalis, incorporate chess into seven skills that must be owned by a knight.

It also symbolizes the position of chess in the art treasures of kings. King Henry I, King Henry II and King Richard I of England is a shade chess at that time. Other kings who got the same status was King Alfonso X of Spain and King Ivan IV of Russia.

When the church issued a ban on the game of chess to the community. Saint Peter Damian announce this game gives a bad impression to the public. Bishop of Florence also defended himself by hinting that chess skills involved "not like other games," and the same arguments that followed in the next century.

In the 12th century, chess pieces ranging remains, became king (king), queen (queen), elephant / governor (bishops), horse (knights) and castle (rooks). Pawn start connected with army troops.

In medieval times, the game is running long, there is even a new game finished after many days held. Regulation of the new time limit was introduced in 1300 AD. Movement pawn may move two squares before during the beginning of the movement also introduced.

In 1475 AD the evolution of the game of chess was introduced the concept of pawn promotion which may turn into Queen and Castling.

A player Italy, Gioacchino Greco, who is regarded as one of the first professional player. He made the analysis and wrote a book about chess strategy that differed illustration. This work makes chess became a popular game and began to show a lot of theories about the tactics and strategy of this game.

The first work load various strategies and winning combinations written by François-André Danican Philidor from France who is regarded as the best chess player in the world for almost 50 years, and was published in the 18th century. He writes and publishes L'Analysis des échecs (Chess Analysis), influential book which appeared in more than 100 editions.

Modern era

Chess game initially introduced in 1834 and pad 1851, the London Chess Tournament first introduce time limits for each player.

When the game, players often take a long time to move the pieces. and a player has taken as much as 2 hours and 20 minutes of thinking to move the fruit during the London Chess Tournament.

In the following year ie resistance chess chess inappropriate in a period of 5 minutes has been introduced. But popular is justified player to move chess pieces as much as 30 times in a period of 2 hours. There is a player who fails to follow the rules imposed penalty.

In 1861 the game of chess with a designated period originally played in Bristol, England. The tool used is the hourglass. Then, the hourglass has been replaced with modern clock at the beginning of the 19th century.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: January 3, 2015 at 18:28

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