Do you know martial art of judo.

Judo (Japanese: 柔道) is a martial art, sports, and philosophy rooted in Japan. Judo was developed from the ancient Japanese martial art called Jujutsu.
Jujutsu is the art of defense and attack using bare hands and short arms, developed into Judo by Kano Jigoro (嘉納 治 五郎) in 1882. This sport became a model of Japanese martial arts, gendai budo, developed from school (koryu) old. Judo players called judoka. Judo is now a branch of the popular martial arts, and even has become an official Olympic sport.

History.

Before Judo.

Sumo wrestler ancient times dropped his opponent without weapons. It is inspired martial techniques jujutsu. Sumo was originally just enjoyed the aristocracy as a ritual or religious ceremony in the Heian period (8th century to the 12th century).
In its development, Japan entered a period of war in which the aristocrats removed from the position by the military. Similarly, previously only used sports entertainment, by the military used for training soldiers. During this period the jujutsu techniques developed in the field of battle. The soldiers fought without weapons or with short arms. Mechanical knockdown or paralyze the opponent is what is known as jujutsu.
In the Edo period (17th century until the 19th century) in which the state of Japan's relatively safe, jujutsu developed into martial arts to train your body for the warrior class society. Styles of jujutsu different start to appear, among others Takenouchi, Susumihozan, Araki, Sekiguchi, Kito, and Tenjinshin'yo.

Beginning Judo.

Jigoro Kano adds his own style in many branches of jujutsu which he learned at that time (including Tenjinshiyo and Kito). In 1882 he set up a dojo in Tokyo that he called Kodokan Judo. The first Dojo was founded in Eisho ji temple, the number of students nine people.
Jujutsu main goal is mastery of attack and defense techniques. Kano adapt this purpose, but prefer the system of teaching and learning. He developed three specific targets for judo: physical exercise, mental development / spirit, and competition in games.

Judo and Jujutsu difference.

The literal translation of the word 'judo' is 'subtle way'. 'How To' or 'street' as used here has a meaning in ethics and philosophical connotations.
Kano express the concept of philosophy with two phrases, "Seiryoku Zen'yo" (efficient energy use) and "Jita Kyoei" (an advantage for oneself and others). Although the so-called fine, but actually judo is a combination of the techniques of hard and soft, therefore judo can also be interpreted as 'flexible way'.

Jujutsu, on the other hand, has a literal translation 'ability smooth'. Jujutsu exercises focused on ways (word) specific and formal, while judo emphasis on the free exercise of certain techniques in free fights (randori). This makes running more dynamic judo training.
The contestants jujutsu using relatively heavy uniform (hakama). The early practitioner of judo using some sort of shorts, but not long after they prefer to use Western dress that is considered more has the advantage function and allow freer movement. Modern judo uniform (judogi) was developed in 1907.
Jujutsu techniques, in addition to the basic techniques such as throws and hold, using punches, kicks, and even using a short weapon. On the other hand, judo avoid kicks and punches dangerous, and more focused on techniques slammed organized and survival techniques.

Do Suffix usage and -jutsu.

Many branches of Japanese martial arts that have the same prefix but has two endings '-Do' and '-jutsu'. Bujutsu and budo and kenjutsu and kendo are some examples. The basic difference from the second suffix is '-Do' means 'street' and '-jutsu' which means 'moment' or 'science'. In addition to martial ending in '-Do' usually more regulations do not allow someone to get hurt as a result of a fatal attack, but not so with the martial arts that end with the word '-jutsu', for example in kendo, only part of the hand, abdomen, legs, and the bottom of the chin may be attacked, while kenjutsu allow the attack to all parts of the body.
In general, Budo ('bu-' means warrior) is the development of bujutsu that has been adapted to today (for sports, not fighting).

Some examples of jujutsu developed into Budo :

Jujutsu -> Judo
Kenjutsu -> Kendo
Aiki-Jujutsu -> Aikido
Kempo Jutsu -> Kempo Do
Karate Jutsu -> Karate Do
Battoujutsu / Iai -> Battoudo / Iaido

Judo as a sport.

Female judoka.

Women were first accepted as a judoka in 1893, although at that time the athlete considered one eye in the structure of Japanese society. However, this dramatic improvement lasted only briefly, because in fact they are still deprived of official matches, the physical safety reasons.
After World War II, judo for men and women was introduced out of Japan. European Judo Association was formed in 1948, followed by the formation of the International Judo Federation in 1951. Judo became one of the official Olympic event at the Tokyo Olympics in 1964 in Tokyo, Japan. First female judoka competing in the Barcelona Olympic Games in 1982 in Barcelona, Spain.

Judo levels and color belts.

Starting from beginner class (shoshinsha) a judoka started using the belt and said to be in the fifth kyu level. From there, a judoka kyu levels rise into the fourth, third, second, and finally the first kyu. After the numbering system and reversed into the first (shodan), second, and so on up to and tenth, which is the highest level in judo. Nonetheless, the founder, Kano Jigoro, said that the level of judo is not limited to and tenth, and to this day because there were only 15 people who never get to the level and the tenth, then no one ever surpass that level.
Color indicates the level kyu belt or and. Beginner, fifth and fourth kyu using white color; kyu third, second, and first use brown color; black color worn by judoka who has reached the stage and, from shodan, or the first and, up to and fifth. Judoka with levels and the sixth to ninth using a belt and a checkered red and white colored, although sometimes also use black. Top Rankings, and tenth, using waist belt red-and-white or red. Judoka women who have reached the stage and above have a white line that extends in the middle of their black belt.

Judo floor.

Judo match held on a carpet or mat (tatami) rectangular (rhombus) with 14.55 meters or along the side of 8 tatami juxtaposed. Besides padded mat, judo dojo most now use the spring under a false floor, to withstand impact due to kickback.
At the beginning of the match, both judoka standing in the middle just behind the line parallel to the supervised by a jury. Before starting, the two judoka down saluted each other from behind the line. At the top and bottom corner rhombus sit two judges, and behind each judoka, beyond the limited arena mat, sat judoka-judoka from the same team, and sat also a timekeeper and a scorekeeper.
The match was held at the arena on the mat bounded by (and including) the red line (Jonai). The vast arena is 9.1 square meters and consists of 50 tatami. Waza or judo techniques used in arenas outside the red line (jogai) is considered invalid and not counted.

Judo uniform.

Uniform (gi) loosely worn a judoka (judogi) should match its size.

Jackets.

The bottom of the jacket cover the buttocks when worn belt. Between the end of the arm to the wrist difference of 5-8 cm. Sleeve length is a little bit more than two-thirds the length of the arm. Because this jacket is designed to withstand the impact of the body due to slam into the floor, then the material is generally thicker than karate uniform (karategi) or other martial

Belts.

The belt should be long enough so that leaves 20-30 cm hanging on each side.

Pants.

Pants are worn slightly loose. Between the end of the trousers with ankle difference of 5-8 cm. His pants a little bit more than two-thirds the length legs.

Wearing uniforms.

Drawstring pants worn and fastened. Jacket then charged with the left side over the right side. Wear a belt by putting middle belt in front of the abdomen, then both ends of the belt behind waist circular rotated back to front; grasp the two ends of the belt, then tie the two ends of the horizontal ends. Fasten securely so it can not be separated at the time of the game.

Regulation of the match.

Judo match was held between the individual and the team. Some competition divides the game into 8 categories, based on body weight. Another competition divides the game by level and, age, and others. There also are not familiar with any division.
A judo match lasted for 3-20 minutes. Winners are determined by the first judoka to win a point, either with dings and lockdown. If after a specified time no player who obtained the figures, the player with the higher score wins or the game ends in a draw.
Judo, as well as other sport of Japan, held with full manners. Both judoka bowed to each other at the beginning and end of the game.

Beginning of the game.

Judoka facing each other, straightening their feet behind each line in the middle of the arena and stood upright. Then they bowed to each other at the same time. Then they took one step, starting with the left foot, and stand with the natural stance (shizen hon tai). The judge or referee then says "Start" (Hajime) and the game began.

End of the game.

Both judoka back in a natural stance and facing each other one step ahead of their respective lines. The jury then announced the results of the game, and the two contestants took a step back line starts with the right foot. They then bent over and out of the arena.

Assessment system.

One point (ippon) can be obtained by :

Dings (nage waza): 

If the judoka can outperform techniques to slam opponents with power and speed with his back against the floor first.

Lockdown (katame waza): 

If the judoka managed to lock the opponent so that he uttered the words "I give up!" (maitta), or a pat on the floor twice with hands or feet, fainting, or if the lock was last at least 30 seconds (osae waza) and announced that the game ends (osae Komi)

Half figures (waza ari) can be obtained by :

Dings: 

If the technique is pretty good judoka but not until eligible to receive the full amount.

Lockdown: 

If judoka managed to lock his opponent for at least 25 seconds.
Two waza ari means one point, but half the number alone is not enough to determine a winner, the game was made by the designers of the system additional figures.
Supplement (yuko and koka) that no matter what will not surpass the 'Half-numbers', however, could determine if each judoka to obtain the same value (1W1Y0K - 1 Waza and 1 Yuko win against 1W0Y9K - 1 Waza and 9 Koka) . This additional figures obtained if the technique is demonstrated not good enough to earn half (yuko) or not good enough to earn yuko (coca). Not infrequently a game is determined by the number of yuko and koka obtained (as a number automatically wins and two half-figures also automatically wins)
If the sum of the values obtained by the two judoka same, then sometimes a game using a voting system between both judge and jury corner (with a total of three votes).

Forbidden technique.

Waza techniques dangerous or not permitted to use. Total forbidden technique is 31 (32 for women). Judoka will be subject to four levels of penalties, depending on how severe abuses. For each type of violation, the game was stopped for a moment and both judoka back to the line, respectively.
Misdemeanors (shido) is a warning to offenders who do not how dangerous. Judoka are warned awasete chui if doing it for the second time. This violation has value contrasts with the coca.

Some actions will receive a warning :

- A judoka lost fighting spirit and did not strike for more than 30 seconds
- Removing the opponent's belt or waistband own without the permission of the jury.
- Hand wrapped around the opponent with the tip of a belt (or shirttail)
- Twist or hold on to the end of the sleeves and pants opponent
- Inserting a uniform part of any opponent in the mouth (biting uniform opponent)
- Touching the face of an opponent with any part of the hands or feet
- Hair pulling opponent
- Locking palms opponent with his own hands for more than 6 seconds in a standing position
- Minor violations (chui) is a warning for more serious offenses than misdemeanors. These violations have a negative effect by yuko Some examples as follows:
- Entering any foot section to uniform opponent, either belt or jacket, long locks do opponent
- Trying to break the opponent's fingers holding onto the opponent
- Kicking the opponent's hand with feet or knees to escape the clutches of the opponent
- Gross violations (Keikoku) is a violation that may be subject to sanctions and reprimands. Judoka who commit offenses will be reduced in value by half the number. Two minor offense allows the same sanction.

Examples of serious violations :

- Lock the opponent's arm (kansetsu waza) anywhere other than in the elbow
- Interesting opponent lying on the floor looking up and then slamming it back
- A judoka perform any malicious actions against the spirit of judo.
- Serious violations (hansoku make) is a violation that can make a judoka disqualified for very severe offenses that endanger both his opponents and others.
- Four-time warnings (shido) also may be subject to sanctions.

The position of the body in judo.

Proper posture is an important part in judo.

Sitting position.

Sitting cross-legged (seiza) From a standing position, the left leg drawn back, then put the left knee to the floor in a place where the left toe was located. Do the same with your right leg, and both legs at this point should bersangga on toes and knees. Then straighten the toe parallel to the floor and butt placed on the base of the foot. Place both hands on each side of the thigh. To stand up, do the same procedure in a reverse way.
Salute (Zarei) With legs crossed, bend the body forward until the palms touch the floor with your fingers facing forward. Silence in this position for a while, then returned to the cross-legged position.

Standing position.

Salute (ritsurei) Stand with both feet approximated base, bend over forward about 30 degrees with palms in front of the thigh. Silence in this position for a while, then return to a standing position.
Natural position (shizen tai) Leg opening approximately 30 cm in a more natural position with the weight distributed equally on both legs. Rest your shoulder and arm muscles. This is a basic and natural posture judo.
Defensive (jigo tai) From natural position, legs opened wider, knees bent so that the center of gravity of the body is down.
Stepping (suri ashi) How to walk in a manner judo foot along the floor to maintain stability. Ensure equal steps and the center of gravity remains in the same position in order to move swiftly in all directions.
Right-left (ayumi ashi): As usual walk, feet past each other when walking
Right-Right (Tsugi ashi): After the first foot forward, advanced second leg does not exceed the first leg position

The position fell and rolled.

Mastering this position allows to protect yourself when dropped or slammed opponent and reduce fear when thrown by the opponent.
Fall backwards (Ushiro ukemi) Feet and hands are also united together, drop back to the mat with arms straight at your sides and palms touching the floor to withstand falls. Protect the back of the head by touching the chin to the body.
Fall to the side (yoko ukemi) From a standing position, fell into the back, lift both legs one by one, then lift both hands in front of body. Rolled to the right (or left) mat with fixed head is protected so as not to touch the floor. Then hold hands and body with your right hand (or left).
Falling forward (mae ukemi) Drop himself forward with both hands in front of the face, elbows bent. Fell on his face with both hands being held by, the body straightened out, the abdominal muscles are tightened, and the body's resistance to being held by both hands and toes (knees lifted).
Roll forward (Mawari mae ukemi) Useful when thrown by the opponent. From a standing position, right foot advanced left hand touched the floor. Right shoulder then thrown forward with palms facing back, this is done in conjunction with both feet planted on the floor and roll forward. Both feet and hands should touch the floor simultaneously.

Judo techniques.

Dings judo techniques (nage waza) techniques can be divided into standing (tachi waza) and techniques flopped (Sutemi waza). Mechanical stand subdivided into hand techniques (te waza), hip techniques (Koshi Waza), and foot techniques (ashi waza). Mechanical flopped subdivided into engineering flopped back (ma Sutemi waza) and techniques flopped to the side (yoko Sutemi waza)
Mechanical locks judo (katame waza) can be divided into a resist technique (osae waza or osaekomi waza), clamp technique (Shime waza), and connection techniques (kansetsu waza)
Attack techniques (atemi waza) with a kick or punch even with a knife or sword weapon sometimes used for training for high level judoka, although in official matches it is prohibited (as well as during the free practice (randori)

Techniques dings (standing techniques).

Sweep of the knee - hiza guruma
Hooks on the back - o soto gari
Hook from the front - 'ko uchi gari
The sweep aside - deashi Barai
Dings thigh - uchi eye
Dings groin play - o goshi
Dings thigh lift - surikomi goshi
Dings groin sweep - harai goshi
Shoulder throws - seoi nage
Dropping body - tai otoshi
Bolsters throws back - tomoe nage

Mechanical locks (technique lie).

Mechanical locks (katame waza) techniques also called lying (ne waza) because this technique is done when a judoka or his opponent lying face upwards or downwards.
Lockdown waist - kesa gatame
Lockdown shoulder - said gatame
Lockdown four sides - Yoko Shiho gatame
Lockdown four sides above - we Shiho gatame
Lockdown back - Kataha jime
Lockdown necklace - Okuri eri jime
Lockdown hand - ude Garami
Lockdown hand cross - ude gatame hishigi juji

First aid judo.

Often in judo match, a judoka suffered asphyxia, where judoka having trouble breathing because of lack of oxygen. To that end, judo has developed a first aid to restore awareness of those affected by asphyxia or asphyxia. This can happen if a lockdown is done so that the opponent is too strong to stop breathing momentarily. The person requires immediate emergency relief in place.

Judo in Indonesia.

Judoka Indonesia under the auspices PJSI (Judo Association Indonesia) under the auspices of KONI (Indonesian National Sports Committee). Judo Indonesian figures include Ferry Sonneville, victory enabled the birth of PJSI; Perry G. Pantouw, SEA Games champion in 1983; Kresna Bayu, Maya Fransisca, Ira Purnamasari, Aprilia Marzuki, Peter Taslim, judoka Indonesian athletes.
In the 1970s and 1980s known names such as Bambang Prakasa athletes, Ceto Cosadek, Raymond Rochili etc. Under the leadership of Ir. Soehoed then, Judo pioneered the establishment of a training center for national training in Ciloto, Puncak, West Java. It was in Jakarta highly developed various universities Judo, such as Judo Waza in South Jakarta (led by the late. Robert Judono / Robert Jung), University Judo Flagpole in North Jakarta, and so on.
Currently the development of Judo in the area also began rapidly. Such perdepokan Judo Mataram Bantul (Wiramataram) under the guidance of Guru Om Tjong (Budy Tanudjaya) and led by Dain Santoso won 8 gold in judo championship DIY area. Thank you for reading this article.

Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com

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DatePublished: December 31, 2014 at 19:22

Tag : Do you know martial art of judo.