Sport long jump.

A. Understanding Long Jump.

The long jump is a jump number of athletics of the most popular and most frequently competed in world-class competition, including the Olympic Games. The long jump is a jump forward movement on the effort to bring the point of weight as long as possible in the air (hovering in the air) are carried out quickly and by the way do repulsion on one foot to reach the distance that is far, far away.

The long jump is a jump movement that uses the pedestal on one foot to reach the distance as far as possible. Goals and objectives are to achieve the long jump distance of the jump as far as possible to a point jump landing or tub. The distance is measured from the board repulsion leap up to the nearest boundary of the location of the landing point produced by the body.

B. History of Long Jump.

Long jump sport has been around since the year 708 AD when the Ancient Olympic Games in Greece. The long jump is the only event contested jump in the Ancient Olympics. According to records, the long jump exercise ever undertaken by participants Sparta with a length of 7.05 meters leap so far.

In the beginning, all events are held in the Ancient Olympics is intended as a form of war games. The emergence of long jump sport is believed to train agility warriors in jump over different obstacles, such as a stream or ravine.

At that time, the technique and how to jump long jump sport is different from the techniques and how to leap that is currently applied. Leap in ancient times was made in the form of multiple. In this event, the jumper is only allowed to use a short running start. In addition, the jumper is also required to run while carrying a load in her hands, which is known as halteres with weight ranging from 1 to 4.5 kg.

Sports long jump is the type of exercise that also competed in the Modern Olympic Games held in 1896 in Athens, Greece. Mechanical leap in the long jump started repaired from day to day, forming technique leap as of now applied.

United States had triumphed in the long jump at the Olympic branch held in Mexico in 1968 with a record made by Bob Beamon with a leap of 8.90 meters so far. Then the record can be broken by athletes from the United States named Mike Powell with a leap of 8.95 meters so far.

C. Factors Affecting the Long Jump.

Despite the long jump sport can be regarded as a sport that is easy to do, but in fact this sport is not as easy as imagined. Jumping technique must be done well, because if one of the jumping technique, the athletes will get injured.

In addition to pay attention to the techniques in the long jump, there are several factors that can affect the success or failure of a leap in the long jump, such as:

- Speed (speed) is the ability to move a body portion or all of the prefix to a landing attitude. Or resting on the board / beam when doing jumps. Speed is determined by the strength and flexibility.

- Strength (strength) is the amount of power that can be generated by muscle group at maximum contraction while doing work or exercise in making a leap.

- Explosive power is the ability of muscles to perform repulsion body floating in the air when separated from the beam pivot.

- Balance is the ability to maintain a certain body posture right from the start to make the leap to complete landing.

- Skills Is the ability to perform a motor movements accurately and correctly.

- Coordination is to be possessed by an athlete to be able to coordinate the movement of the body in order to go forward with the need to go up.

In addition to the above factors, there are also non-technical factors that can affect the success of a leap, such as:

- Motivation of parents, family, friends, fellow athletes.
- Master's or professional trainer.
- The existence of sufficient funds athlete needs.
- The surroundings are good.
- Good organization.
- There is great support from the community, to foster the spirit of athletes.

D. Long Jump Arena.

The length of the track to the board or the board rejected leap generally measuring 40-45 meters with a track width of 1.22 meters reach. Meanwhile, the board has a long leap of 1.22 meters and a width of 20 cm with a thickness of 10 cm.

Among the springboard to jump tub are 1 meter distance. While the jump tub has a length of 9 meters with a width of 2.95 meters. To the width of the landing, the distance of at least 2.75 meters between the lines until the end of the repulsion repulsion. Landing place filled with sand where sand surface should be as high or flat with the top side of the board repulsion.

E. Techniques in Long Jump.

There are four techniques that should be done in the long jump exercise, namely:

1. Mechanical Prefix

The prefix is an athletic movement in the long jump is done by running as fast as possible in order to obtain maximum speed before repulsion. Additionally, the prefix in the long jump athletics can be interpreted as an attempt to obtain the maximum horizontal velocity which is then converted into vertical speed when doing repulsion.

Distance from a prefix depends on the maturity level of the athletes and the ability of the athlete to accelerate at their own pace. Mechanical prefix must be done by running as fast as possible from a distance of 40-45 meters on a running track.

There are several things to consider when making a prefix in the long jump athletics, such as:

- Distance prefix in athletics long jump depends on the ability of the athletes themselves. For the short-range jumper was able to reach a maximum speed, distance prefix or close any short enough (approximately 30-35 meters or less). Meanwhile, for the long jump athletes who reach the maximum speed in a relatively remote location, distance prefix should be much (approximately 30-45 meters or more than that).

- Position when standing at a point in the long jump prefix ie legs parallel position or can be one foot in front, depending on the athlete's own habits. How to capture the prefix in the long jump starting slowly and then rapidly (sprint). This speed must be maintained until shortly before the pedestal / repulsion.

- After reaching maximum speed, about 3-4 last step rests (take-off) ran movement spontaneously removed without reducing the speed has been achieved previously. In this last step, the concentration and focus energy to do the pedestal on the board or beam fulcrum.

2. Techniques rivet

Rested an important movement in the long jump to determine the outcome of a perfect leap. In this technique, athletes perform on a board or repulsion supported beam using the strongest legs by changing the horizontal speed into vertical velocity.

At the time of the pedestal, body position should not be too biased. Pedestal also be strong, fast and active. Body balance should also be considered so as not to shake. Movement of the arm swing is helpful to add height and balance the body.

There are several elements that must be considered in repulsion in the long jump, among others:

- Rejection in the long jump must be done with strong legs.
- Part feet very fit and strong for the rest usually located in the heel first and ends at the toe.
- Shortly before the pedestal, keep the body leaning backward.
- Must be resting on the right base board.
- Both arms swung forwards come on when resting.
- Swing the leg and lift forward to hip level with the knees bent.

3. Mechanical Float

Drift motion in the long jump is done after leaving the supported beam. When the float movement, body balance must be maintained. Swing both hands can help athletes in maintaining body balance.

There are two ways of doing drift techniques are:

With a squat stance

In this attitude, when rested, legs swinging as high knee lift, then followed with a pivot foot. Then before landing, the second leg is brought forward.

With the attitude of hanging

In this attitude, legs swinging left hanging straight at the time rested. Cultivated body upright, followed by a pivot foot with the knee bent while hips pushed forward. Then, both arms stretched upward.

4. Mechanical Landed

In this technique, the athlete should attempt to land as quickly as possible. Do not let the body or arms to fall behind. Landing on the tub with jump starting the second position and the second leg heel rather tight. Movements landing time should be done with both feet.

Which need to be considered when it landed in the long jump is the second landing legs simultaneously, followed by a boost hips forward. So that the body does not tend to fall behind which can be fatal to the athletes themselves.

F. Types of Long Jump Style

In general, there are three types of styles that can be done during the long jump sports, namely:

- Style Long Jump Squat (Tack Style / Style Ortodock)

Squat style is a kind of style long jump of the oldest and most easy to do. Told style squat because when hovering in the air, athletes just do bending both legs, so it looks like he was squatting.

While doing this style, repulsion and need to be precise and powerful. When the body is in the air, put a body like people who are squatting, the position of the body leaning forward and flicked a hand to the back of the body while setting the correct landing.

- Long Jump Style Hanging (Schnepper Style / Hang Style)

There are several techniques that should be considered when doing long jump with this style, such as:

Do prefix with maximum speed and do a very strong repulsion repulsion board.
By the time the body in the air, try body floating in the air as long as possible and in a balanced state. Position the arms above the head, such as holding a rope while swinging.
On landing, try to land as well as possible, not to the body or hands to fall behind because it can harm the athlete. Landed the one with the position of the feet and hands forward.

- Long Jump Style Walking in the Air (Walking in the Air)

There are several techniques that should be considered when doing long jump with this style, such as:

Do prefix by way of a quick run on the track with a distance of 40-45 meters. Then do repulsion repulsion on the board using the strongest legs to change the horizontal velocity generated at the time of the prefix into the vertical velocity.
At the time of bodies floating in the air, swing your legs or leg swing back with a vengeance to the top. Next do the stepping motion in the air with a foot that was previously used to reject or leverage to make a walking motion in the air.
Perform a safe landing and do not cause injury. How to straighten both legs and hands together to the front, he lowers the body forward, and at the heel touches the sand quickly knees bent.

G. The Things to Look for in Doing Long Jump.

There are several things that must be considered and prioritized in the long jump exercise, such as:

Keep running speed until the contrary.
Achieve rapid and dynamic impetus of supported beam.
Little change in body position during the run, the goal is to achieve an upright body position when running.
Use motion compensation is good and right arm.
Reach a good range of motion.
In order for the end of the movement stronger, use a power greater repulsion.
Train movement at the time of landing.
Master the correct movement of the hand and foot movements in the bend and straighten.
In addition to the above matters, there are some things to avoid a long jumper when doing long jump sports, such as:

Shorten or extend the final step before doing repercussion on board pedestal.
Based on the heel and at a pace that is not sufficient.
The position of the body tilted too far forward or backward.
Motion carried or body position when hovering unbalanced.
Doing footwork premature (precede movement is supposed to do).
Less leg raised at the time of landing.
One leg was revealed precedes the other leg during landing.
A long jumper otherwise fails to make a leap if:

When rested, the athlete touches the ground after the foundation of the boundary line by using any body part, either at the time jump and just ran without jumping.
Rests of the outer end supported beam, both before and on the extension of the boundary line of the pedestal.
Pedestal touch the ground between the lines and landing sites.
Perform such movement somersault during a prefix or when doing jumps.
At the time of landing, the athlete touches the ground outside the landing spot closer to the line than the foundation of the former occurred in the sand nearby.
Long jumper is not present to jump the field after 2 minutes made the call.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.developedbysports.blogspot.com/2014/12/sport-long-jump.html
DatePublished: December 27, 2014 at 20:56

Tag :  Sport long jump.